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Armin Meiwes

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Armin Meiwes
Born (1961-12-01) 1 December 1961 (age 63)
Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Other namesRotenburg Cannibal
Der Metzgermeister (The Master Butcher)
OccupationComputer repair technician (former)
Criminal statusIncarcerated
MotiveSexual gratification
Conviction(s)
Criminal penaltyLife imprisonment (previously 8½ years imprisonment)
Details
VictimsBernd Jürgen Brandes, aged 43
Date9 March 2001
Location(s)Wüstefeld, Hesse, Germany
Date apprehended
10 December 2002

Armin Meiwes (German: [ˈmaɪvəs]; born 1 December 1961) is a German former computer repair technician who received international attention for murdering and cannibalising Bernd Brandes, whom he had found via the Internet as a voluntary victim, in March 2001.

After Meiwes and the victim jointly attempted to eat the victim's severed penis, Meiwes murdered his victim and proceeded to eat a large amount of his flesh.[1] He was arrested in December 2002. In January 2004, Meiwes was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to eight years and six months in prison. In a retrial in May 2006, he was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. Because of his acts, Meiwes is also known as the Rotenburg Cannibal or Der Metzgermeister (The Master Butcher), from the signature he used in his e-mails. The house where the murder took place was destroyed in a suspected arson attack that occurred in the early morning of 17 April 2023.

Early life

[edit]

Armin Meiwes was born in Essen[2] as the third child of Waltraud Meiwes (1922–1999) and her second husband Gustav (born 1941).[3] Through his mother, Meiwes had two older half-brothers by different fathers who were raised with him in Holsterhausen district.[4] Gustav separated from Waltraud in 1970[5] and filed for divorce when Meiwes was twelve.[3][6] Meiwes dropped out of Hauptschule and attended commerical training without completion.[5]

In 1980, after his elder brothers moved out, Meiwes and his mother moved to Wüstefeld [de], a hamlet part of Rotenburg an der Fulda, where the family had, since 1966, owned an estate, composed of a 44-room Gründerzeit-era house and pony stables.[3] Psychologists described Waltraud Meiwes as commandeering and controlling over her son's life, always accompanying him to dates and work trips. She kept the door to his room adorned with the words "children's bedroom" until Meiwes was 20 years old.[7]

Adulthood

[edit]

Military service and career

[edit]

Between 1981 and 1993, Meiwes served as a contractual soldier in the German Army, largely spent stationed at the Alheimer barracks [de] outside of Rotenburg, and became a non-commissioned officer of the 52nd Panzergrenadier Brigade. Due to the close proximity to his home, Meiwes drove back and forth to continue to living with his mother. Soldiers and civilian employees described him as professional and obliging, always allowing leaves and offering to help in the private lives of his subordinates. Between 1984 and 1985, he was engaged to a woman, but Meiwes ended the relationship because he found her too similar in character and appearance to his mother. Meiwes claimed to met his ex-fiancée, as well as other women, through a matchmaker and that after the break-up, he focused more on his career, finishing administrative training inSonthofen and Unna in 1986.[4][8][9]

Meiwes had originally planned to run a computer teaching school with his brothers, but following his discharge with the rank of Oberfeldwebel, Meiwes instead found work as an IT specialist for the data center of a bank in Kassel. Neighbours described Meiwes as polite and well-kept in appearance, regularly attending and helping to organise events in the small community. Meiwes was known to be entrusted with children, babysitting the children of his neighbours, annually acting as Santa Claus for Christmas and giving a teenager driving courses, often voicing his wish to settle down and have children of his own. Two relationships with local women failed after Meiwes disclosed his preferences for both sexes.[5][9][10][11]

Cannibal fetishism

[edit]

During sessions with police experts, Meiwes had explained that his desire for cannibalism had developed during his adolescent years. He named the fairy tale Hansel and Gretel and a film adaptation of the novel Robinson Crusoe as early influences, with the latter standing out to him for featuring a scene where the character Friday voiced interest in "showing his reverence" for a fellow tribesman by consuming his remains.[5] Meiwes had also described himself feeling "very lonesome" after "the family had fallen apart", referring primarily to the abandonment by his father, but also the poor relationship to his older brothers, as well as the deaths of his grandmother and first pet cat by the time he was eight years old.[12] Combined with his lack of friends, Meiwes created an imaginary little brother named "Franky", who would resemble the character Sandy Ricks (portrayed by Luke Halpin) from the American TV show Flipper.[5] Shortly after beginning puberty, his mother forbade him from making girlfriends, after which Meiwes began experiencing sexual fantasies about "Franky".[13] Specifically, he desired to "become one" with "Franky" by consuming his body, with the fantasy branching out into evisceration and slaughterhouse imagery. Meiwes only attempted to live this fantasy out once before, having wanted to ask a male classmate who bore a close resemblance to "Franky" to "cut off a piece of him", but decided against it for fear of being denied and ostracised.[5] Meiwes stated that as he grew older, his fantasies would "fade into the background" whenever he was in a relationship, but the death of his mother on 2 September 1999 caused him to focus more intensely on it.[3][7][14] Meiwes identifies as bisexual.[15]

As an adult, Meiwes kept recordings of TV documentaries about the Vietnam War and read literature about cannibalistic serial killers such as Fritz Haarmann and Jeffrey Dahmer. Meiwes also filmed amateur fetish videos for personal usage, wherein he would cover himself in ketchup while pretending to cut himself, hang himself up by his feet via pulley to resemble a slaughtered animal carcass, or eat marzipan and minced meat he had formed into human or phallic shapes. He kept collages of cut-out body parts from pornographic magazines on a grill and copies of the videos locked in a safe, after he stopped producing additional footage when his mother questioned an uncleaned kitchen Meiwes left behind after one nightly filming. With the advent of the internet in the 1990s, Meiwes began frequenting online forums centered around cannibal fetishism since at least 1998, using the alias "Franky" with the username "Antrophagus [sic]" and styling himself as a butcher. Meiwes voiced interest primarily in killing, dismembering and cannibalising another person, but also fantasised about being cooked and eaten by someone else.[3][4]

In June 2000, Meiwes met "Jörg", a 31-year-old hotel cook from Füssen, going by the username "Meatboy". "Jörg" had similar fantasies about butchering and cooking another human being, becoming a frequent chat partner on a cannibal chat group on Yahoo. They agreed to meet in real life in the following autumn and after two regular meet-ups in Kassel during October, Meiwes convinced "Jörg" to two "slaughter" sessions. The first time on 12 November, at a hotel in Kassel, Meiwes engaged in foreplay by slathering "Jörg" with olive oil and drawing circles on the man's naked body, telling him that he would cut meat from these sections. They also talked about the "edibility" of two acquaintances of "Jörg", who offered to bring them to Meiwes to be drugged, tortured, killed, and eaten by pair. During the second meeting on 19 November at Meiwes' house, "Jörg" left early after seeing the "slaughter room" made in preparation in the attic.[3][4][9]

Looking for a willing volunteer, Meiwes posted wrote more than 60 online advertisements[4] on the forum Nullo[3] in late 2000, stating that he was "looking for a well-built 18- to 25-year-old to be slaughtered and then consumed."[16] Several people responded to the advertisement but backed out; Meiwes did not attempt to force them to do anything against their will. At least two users claimed that they were willing to be killed by Meiwes even after repeated reassurances, but also didn't follow up on their offers. "Matheo", originally agreed to be "whipped to death", but reconsidered due to the cannibal aspect. "Luc" stated that his family was going to undertake the slaughtering instead of Meiwes, set for 7 January 2001 during Orthodox Christmas.[5] Using the alias "Cator", Bernd Jürgen Brandes, a 43-year-old bisexual[17] engineer from Berlin, answered an advertisement on 5 February 2001 and agreed to the act. Both men had nearly daily e-mail exchanges for a month discussing their plans and paraphilias in detail.[15][18][19][20]

Bernd Brandes

[edit]

Bernd Jürgen Brandes was born on 19 January 1958 in Berlin-Schöneberg as an only child to a wealthy family. His father was a physician and his mother was an anaesthesiologist, working at clinics in Berlin-Zehlendorf. In 1963, Brandes' mother died in a traffic collision during a vacation in Sylt. Police investigation found evidence that the death was a suicide disguised as an accident, likely stemming from guilt due to a medical error she had made the prior year, which led to the death of a patient. Brandes' father never told his son about the true circumstances of his mother's death, which, according to psychologist Klaus Michael Beier, resulted in Brandes developing anxiety issues. Brandes was subsequently raised mostly by au pairs hired by his father, to whom he grew distant after remarriage to an employee at his doctor's office. Beier posits that his negative relationship with his stepmother contributed to his abnormal psychosexual development and wish for castration.[3][9]

Brandes excelled in school, attending additional mathematics and fine art classes, as well as receiving awards in swimming competitions. He graduated with average grades from Erich-Hoepner-Gymnasium (now Heinz-Berggruen-Gymnasium [de]) and studied at Berlin Technical University, finishing with degrees in control engineering and electrical engineering on 3 November 1983. Brandes worked for Siemens since 1981 and gained an executive position in Berlin-Spandau in 1992.[3][9]

Despite his financial success, Brandes was increasingly unhappy with his life due to interpersonal difficulties. Between 1987 and 1994, Brandes was engaged to a woman, but the couple broke up after Brandes cheated on her with a man during a business trip to the United States. His worsening relations with his father ended with the elder Brandes cutting off contact with his son for coming out. From 1995 to 2000, Brandes lived in Berlin-Tempelhof, engaging in casual sex with dates from gay bars, as well as maintaining romantic relationships with several women from Germany, the United States and at least one from Nigeria. According to both his female and male partners, Brandes showed no interest in masochistic practices during intercourse with them. Instead, during the same timeframe, he solicited the service of male prostitutes for requests such as biting during oral sex. An anonymous Tanzanian sex worker recounted that Brandes once instructed him to cut off his penis with a knife, but the sex worker refused and used the blunt edge on Brandes without cutting the skin. The 25-year-old boyfriend of Brandes at the time of his death stated that he had last seen Brandes in late February 2001, shortly after meeting Meiwes online, and that he did not appear different or showed any indication that he would die soon, having bought new electronics and not left any writings for his friends or lovers.[3][9]

Murder of Bernd Brandes

[edit]

On the evening of 9 March 2001, Meiwes and Brandes met at Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe station. Meiwes initially planned to live together and get to know each other for a few days, but Brandes insisted the "slaughter" should take place today. They drove to Meiwes' house in Wüstefeld, where, at around midnight, they set up video equipment to film the mutilation of Brandes. Meiwes had prepared six knives, a hatchet and a meat grinder for the act.[7]

As per the latter's original wish, Meiwes first attempted to bite off Brandes' penis, but failed. Meiwes stated Brandes first intended to cancel, believing his partner was "too benign" to hurt him, but Brandes changed his mind after buying a return ticket at the station. Upon returning, the men agreed to use a knife for the amputation, with Meiwes providing Brandes with ten sleeping pills, and a bottle of cough syrup to induce slowed breathing and extreme tiredness to ease the process. Brandes claimed that the intended effects were not kicking in, but that he was instead having mild hallucinations of moving animal shapes. Meiwes had difficulty cutting into the flesh, so he used a sharper blade to cut off Brandes' penis. Brandes cried out in pain, but was dismayed that the sensation was not nearly as intense as hoped. After Meiwes bandaged the wound, the pair attempted to consume the appendage together. Brandes apparently tried to eat some of his own penis raw but could not, because it was too tough and, as he put it, "chewy". Meiwes then fried the penis in a pan with salt, pepper, wine, and garlic; he then fried it with some of Brandes' fat, but by then it was too burnt to be consumed by either man. He then chopped the penis up into chunks and fed it to his dog.[21] According to court officials who saw the video (which has not been made public), Brandes may already have been too weakened from blood loss to eat any of his own penis. Disappointed by this outcome, Brandes told Meiwes, "If I hold out until morning, we can still have my balls for breakfast. You get one, I get one".[3]

Meiwes then ran Brandes a bath, before going to read a Star Trek book, while checking on Brandes every fifteen minutes, during which time Brandes lay bleeding in the bath, drifting in and out of consciousness. After two hours, Brandes returned to the "slaughter room" to sleep on a bed. Shortly after, between 3:00 and 4:00, Brandes attempted to get up to use the restroom, despite Meiwes saying that he didn't mind if Brandes urinated on the mattress. When Brandes stood up, he immediately collapsed from blood loss and believing Brandes had died, Meiwes tied him to a table and cut off parts of his body. Meiwes noted later that upon reviewing the video footage, Brandes may have still been breathing by this point. After long hesitation and prayer, Meiwes killed Brandes by stabbing him in the throat, after which he finished the dismemberment and hung the body on a meat hook. The incident was recorded on a four-hour videotape, which has never been released to the public due to its gruesome contents. Four screenshots allegedly from the videotape can be found online, but their credibility is unproven.[22][23]

Disposal of body and later meetings

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Meiwes dismembered and ate the corpse over the next ten months, storing body parts in his freezer under pizza boxes and consuming up to 20 kilograms (44 lb) of the flesh. The bones were buried in the ground of the estate, while the head of Brandes, initially kept in deep freeze, was also buried six months after his death. According to prosecutors, Meiwes committed the act for sexual pleasure.[4][5][22]

Between 2001 and 2002, Meiwes arranged between 30 to 40 "slaughter meetings". Most of the men, aged in their 20s to 50s, met Meiwes in Kassel, but sometimes he would drive to their locations, including Hamburg, Dresden, and the Netherlands. The majority backed out from more drastic practices suggested by Meiwes, being only interested in role-playing scenarios, but some participants with BDSM or submission fetishes allowed themselves to be tied up and strung up on the block and tackle. In June 2001, Meiwes again met with "Jörg", who sent Meiwes photos of his colleagues and repeated his offers of bringing them over to be eaten. This time, "Jörg" voiced a particular dislike for one of the men for being named sous-chef as a new hire in place of him and had also somehow obtained nude photos of the man's stomach. Meiwes specifcally refused these requests because he insisted on knowing and willing people. After repeating the same foreplay from their first meeting at the apartment of "Jörg" in St. Georgen, they met again at Meiwes' house on the night to 4 November 2001. "Jörg" was shaved of his armpit and pubic hair in the same tub Brandes had bled out in before Meiwes consensually tied him up and strung "Jörg" upside down in the "slaughter room". Meiwes repeatedly asked "Jörg" if he would like to be slaughtered in place of his acquaintances, which he repeatedly denied. The two continued to meet on-and-off for the following year.[9]

Arrest, trial and manslaughter conviction

[edit]

On 8 July 2002, a 23-year-old Austrian university student from Innsbruck, using browsing online with the key words "Horror and Nervous Thrills", found one of Meiwes' new advertisments and wrote an e-mail to Meiwes if he had actually killed anyone. When Meiwes answered in the affirmative, the student alerted authorities to ads.[24][25]

Meiwes was arrested on 10 December 2002, following a house search, during which body parts along with the videotape of the killing were found.[25] 400 German internet users who were found on Meiwes' contact list on the cannibal forum were questioned as well.[7] Most of Meiwes' later partners were identified, of whom one was criminally charged. "Jörg" faced legal action for representation of violence (Gewaltdarstellung [de]) for offering to provide victims to Meiwes, but the case was suspended, with a monetary fine and compulsory psychiatric counselling imposed. "Jörg" was required to write apology letters to the two colleagues he had named, but neither provided responses.[9]

While jailed at Justizvollzugsanstalt Kassel I [de], Meiwes was diagnosed with a schizoid personality but deemed fit to stand trial.[26] On 30 January 2004, the regional court of Kassel convicted Meiwes of manslaughter and sentenced him to eight years and six months in prison.[27] The case attracted considerable media attention.[28]

When speaking to a German newspaper, Meiwes admitted to cannibalising Brandes and expressed regret for his actions. He added he wanted to write a biography with the aim of deterring anyone wanting to follow in his footsteps. Websites dedicated to Meiwes started appearing after his 2002 arrest, with people advertising for willing victims. "They should go for treatment, so it doesn't escalate like it did with me," said Meiwes. While in prison, Meiwes has since become a vegetarian.[29]

Retrial and murder conviction

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On 22 April 2005, the German Federal Court ordered a retrial after prosecutors appealed Meiwes's sentence, arguing that he should have been convicted of murder[30] because he killed for sexual gratification, a motive proved by his having videotaped the crime.[31] The court ruled that the original trial had ignored the significance of the video in disproving the argument that Meiwes only killed because he had been asked to kill.[31]

His retrial began on 12 January 2006. A psychologist stated that Meiwes could re-offend, as he "still had fantasies about devouring the flesh of young people."[32] On 10 May 2006, the higher regional court of Frankfurt am Main ruled convicted Meiwes of murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment. He has since been imprisoned at Justizvollzugsanstalt Kassel II [de], a sociotherapeutic correctional facility.[33]

As of 2020, Meiwes has been allowed to go outside of prison for supervised excursions in disguise around town in a different state.[34] In prison, Meiwes works at the laundry and often attends church service.[34] Appeals for early release were denied in November 2017[35] and August 2020. A complaint filed against the higher regional court of Frankfurt for the former appeal denial was dismissed with the specific reason that Meiwes was deemed likely for recidivism.[36]

Arsons and destruction Meiwes' former home

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Since the arrest of Meiwes, his house was considered a "lost place" destination for urban explorers and the true crime fandom. The home was frequently broken into and there were several incidents of small-scale fires being set inside.[37] Such a fire in 2007 resulted in a garden shed burning down.[38] On the night of 16–17 April 2023, Meiwes' former home burnt down in what was suspected to be an arson attack.[1][39][40] Two juvenile suspects are under investigation, but no arrests have been made.[41]

Cultural impact

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Films

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Other films based on the case include: Rosa von Praunheim's Dein Herz in meinem Hirn (English title: Your Heart in My Head) and Ulli Lommel's Diary of a Cannibal.

Music

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  • The German industrial metal band Rammstein released the song "Mein Teil" in 2004, which specifically references the Meiwes case. MTV Germany restricted airing the video to after 11:00 p.m.[44]
  • The rock musician Marilyn Manson has identified Meiwes as an inspiration in the titling of his album Eat Me, Drink Me.[45]
  • The Swedish death metal band Bloodbath wrote the song "Eaten", which voices Brandes' desire to be eaten alive, all while witnessing the act.
  • The American death metal band Macabre wrote a song about Meiwes called "The Wüstenfeld Man-Eater".
  • The heavy metal singer Ozzy Osbourne released his 12th studio album, Ordinary Man, in February 2020. The album includes a song titled "Eat Me", which was inspired by Armin Meiwes.[46]
  • The experimental electronic musician Jeansowaty has released a darkstep composition titled Der Metzgermeister on Newgrounds.com on 18 February 2021. It has since become available on streaming platforms worldwide.
  • The band SKYND played the song "Armin Meiwes" for the first time in O2 Academy Islington, London on 18 February 2022. The track and its accompanying music video was released on 22 June 2022.

Television

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  • Season 2, Episode 3 of the sitcom The IT Crowd, titled "Moss and the German", parodies the Meiwes case. The character Maurice Moss, thinking he is answering an advert for a German cookery course, ends up in the house of an aspiring German cannibal, where the error is revealed, the fault lying with the man's poor grasp of the English language when writing the advert.
  • In the American sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine, the character Jake Peralta makes friends with a cannibal in prison, named Caleb. In Season 6, Episode 17, Jake arrests a murderer that he found through a cannibal forum that Caleb recommended.
  • In 2008, MORE Music and Media released the four-hour interview and documentary from RTL Extra on DVD as Der Kannibale von Rotenburg; it was released in the UK as Armin Meiwes: The Cannibal.[47]
  • An episode of the British medical documentary Body Shock entitled The Man Who Ate His Lover discusses the case in detail.
  • Season 1, episode 1 of the TV series Rake, titled "R.V. Murray", features an accused cannibal who eats his volunteer in similar circumstances to the Meiwes case.[48] Also, season 1, episode 4 of the 2014 American remake of Rake, titled "Cannibal", features an accused cannibal.
  • In season 3, episode 7 of Hannibal the character of Mason Verger refers to the incident after interrupting the title character's attempt to murder Will Graham; specifically, Hannibal cutting open Will's skull to consume his brain: "You boys remind me of that German cannibal who advertised for a friend and then ate him—and his penis—before he died. Tragedy being the penis was overcooked. Go to all that trouble to eat a friend and you overcook his penis! They ate it anyway. They had to. They committed. But they didn't enjoy it."[49]
  • In the season 2 episode "Hungry" of the American anthology series Room 104, two men meet in a hotel room to eat each other's penises. The men, Gene (Mark Proksch) and Dan (Kent Osborne) are interrupted while eating Dan's penis by the police after a concerned call from Dan's wife. After an explanation of the consent given and a plan to seek medical attention shortly, the men continue to prepare for the second course (Gene's penis) as the episode ends.
  • In the TV show Succession (season 2, episode 8), when Roman is having a discussion with Gerri, he says "You eat me, I eat you, like they do in Germany".[citation needed]
  • In Season 4, Episode 4 of the British sitcom Peep Show, the character, Mark Corrigan, references the Meiwes case to suggest that his roommate's new well-paying handyman job has a catch. He jokes that his new employer will "...invite a German round from the internet to eat you."
  • In Season 4, Episode 17 of Gilmore Girls, the characters Paris, Rory and their roommate Janet discuss Janet getting a ride from a man at their Ivy League college. The man is looked down upon according to him being "Bummed that he got turned down by that German cannibal."

Theatre

[edit]
  • In 2014, TASTE, an award-winning play inspired by the case, premiered in Los Angeles at the Sacred Fools Theater Company. The play was written by Screenwriter Benjamin Brand and directed by Stuart Gordon. The production was nominated for various awards from all of the major Los Angeles theatrical critic organizations. The production starred Chris McKenna and Donal Thoms-Cappello, and was produced by Gordon, Dean Schramm, Ben Rock, and Adam Goldworm.[50]
  • In 2017, the original musical MEIWES/BRANDES was chosen to be part of The Actors Centre's inaugural John Thaw Initiative. Written by RADA MA graduates Harriet Taylor, Scott Howland, Laura Dorn and Aurora Richardson, the piece uses correspondence between Meiwes and Brandes as well as verbatim court transcripts to recreate their meeting and tell a deeper story about love, pain, queer relationships and mental health.
  • In 2022, The Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, premiered the play KANNIBALEN by playwright Johannes Lilleøre. The production featured the actors Patrick Baurichter and Morten Burian. On the opening night, the show had to be paused for about fifteen minutes due to the fact that one audience member vomited and another experienced an epileptic seizure.[51]
  • Also in 2022, Conflicted Theatre’s play FIJI premiered at Omnibus Theatre in London, UK. Co-written by actors Pedro Leandro and Eddie Loodmer-Elliott together with director Evan Lordan, a Guardian reviewer called the two-hander funny, disturbing, and “surprisingly gentle.”[52] The production received two Off West End Award 2022 Nominations for Best Lead Performance,[53] and was subsequently revived at the Edinburgh Fringe. An Edmonton Fringe festival production in 2023 received 5 out of 5 stars from the Edmonton Journal, which described it as “charming, emotional and calmly unnerving, this is easily some of the festival’s finest fare.”[54]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "House of convict in notorious German cannibal case destroyed". The Independent. 17 April 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  2. ^ "Haus des Kannibalen von Rotenburg abgebrannt: Anwohner in Wüstefeld hoffen auf Ruhe". Münchener Merkur (in German). 18 April 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Erhardt, Elmar (27 November 2019). Deutsche Kriminalgeschichte: Verbrechen und Strafe als Spiegel der Gesellschaft. ISBN 978-3170367302.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Der Kannibale". Stern (in German). 22 July 2003. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Bartsch, Matthias (16 January 2006). "Kannibalismus-Prozess: Er wollte wie Crusoes Freitag sein". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349.
  6. ^ "Geständnis des Kannibalen: "Es gibt Tausende, die gefressen werden wollen"". Der Spiegel (in German). 3 December 2003. ISSN 2195-1349.
  7. ^ a b c d Möller, Barbara (4 January 2004). "Der Fall Armin Meiwes". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German).
  8. ^ "Der Kannibale von Rotenburg". Berliner Zeitung (in German). 30 December 2003.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Stampf, Günter (2008). Interview with a Cannibal: The Secret Life of the Monster of Rotenburg. ISBN 978-1597775885.
  10. ^ "Kannibale von Rotenburg schockte vor zehn Jahren". Hessische Allgemeine (in German). 12 December 2012.
  11. ^ "Panorama: Der Kannibale träumte von Familie". Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). 10 January 2004. ISSN 1865-2263.
  12. ^ "Armin Meiwes, der "Kannibale von Rotenburg", berichtet vor Gericht detailliert von seiner Tat: Ein Filetstück von Bernd auf gutem Geschirr". Berliner Zeitung (in German). 16 January 2006.
  13. ^ Klages, Petra (2016). Serienmord und Kannibalismus in Deutschland: Fallstudien, Psychologie, Profiling. ISBN 978-3853652862.
  14. ^ "Der Angeklagte lächelt und erzählt". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). 19 May 2010.
  15. ^ a b Eckhardt, Andy (27 January 2004). "Germany awaits verdict in 'cannibal' trial". NBC World News. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  16. ^ "German cannibal tells of fantasy". BBC News. 3 December 2003. Retrieved 9 July 2007.
  17. ^ Dovkants, Keith (13 April 2012). "The boy who became a cannibal". Evening Standard. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  18. ^ "Cannibal trial reveals perverse intimacy". The Age. 19 January 2004.
  19. ^ Michael H. Stone & Gary Brucato. The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2019), pp. 41-43.
  20. ^ "Bidding War over Cannibal Story". DW. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  21. ^ "The Man Who Ate His Lover". Body Shock (Channel 4 TV, UK). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  22. ^ a b "German 'cannibal' charged with murder". BBC News. Europe. 17 July 2003. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  23. ^ Armin Meiwes: Interview with a Cannibal documentary sheds new light on one of Germany's most infamous murderers. The Independent. Published 9 February 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  24. ^ "German cannibal tells of fantasy". BBC News. 3 December 2003. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  25. ^ a b Hall, John (29 November 2013). "Dresden cannibal: German police worker 'obsessed' with cannibalism". The Independent. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  26. ^ "German cannibal 'fit for trial'". BBC News. 23 January 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  27. ^ Phalnikar, Sonia (30 January 2004). "Cannibal Convicted of Manslaughter". Deutsche Welle (DW). Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  28. ^ "German 'cannibal' tells of regret". BBC News. Europe. 23 November 2003. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  29. ^ Jewkes, Yvonne; Yar, Majid (2013). Handbook of Internet Crime. Routledge. p. 376. ISBN 9781134030590. Retrieved 12 January 2023 – via Google Books.
  30. ^ "German cannibal to face retrial". BBC News. 22 April 2005. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
  31. ^ a b "German Cannibal Back on Trial". Deutsche Welle. 12 January 2006. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  32. ^ "German cannibal guilty of murder". BBC News. 9 May 2006. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  33. ^ "NBC News: German court sentences cannibal to life in jail". NBC News. 9 May 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  34. ^ a b Crossland, David (19 July 2023). "'Polite, friendly' cannibal Armin Meiwes leaves prison for day trips in disguise". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  35. ^ "Kannibale von Rotenburg bleibt in Haft". Legal Tribune Online (in German). 5 October 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  36. ^ "43-Jährigen entmannt und verspeist: Seit 20 Jahren ist Armin Meiwes in Haft". Hessische Allgemeine. 10 December 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022.
  37. ^ ""Kannibale von Rotenburg": Haus von Armin Meiwes durch Brandstiftung zerstört?". Hessenschau (in Deutsch). 18 April 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  38. ^ "Polizei ermittelt: Brand auf „Kannibalen"-Grundstück". RP ONLINE (in German). 5 November 2007.
  39. ^ "Fire destroys home of German cannibal Armin Meiwes". Sky News. 17 April 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
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